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https://hdl.handle.net/10119/9083
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| Title: | Method of digital-audio watermarking based on cochlear delay characteristics |
| Authors: | Unoki, Masashi
Hamada, Daiki |
| Keywords: | Digital-audio watermarking
Copyright protection
Cochlear delay characteristics
IIR all-pass filter
Group delay |
| Issue Date: | 2010-03 |
| Publisher: | ICIC International |
| Magazine name: | International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control |
| Volume: | 6 |
| Number: | 3(B) |
| Start page: | 1325 |
| End page: | 1346 |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a state-of-the-art method of digital-audio watermarking, based on the properties of the human cochlear. It is based on the concept of embedding inaudible watermarks (e.g., copyright data) into an original sound by controlling the phasecharacteristics of the sound in relation to the characteristics of cochlear delay. The method involves two processes, i.e., embedding and detecting data. The data-embedding process was carried out by applying two types of IIR all-pass filters with cochlear delays, and then selecting the filtered signal from these according to the watermarks. The data-detection process involved estimating the group delay of the filter from the phase difference between the original and watermarked sounds to detect the embedded data. We designed optimal group delays for the filters. We experimentally evaluated the proposed method by carrying out subjective detection tests, two objective detection tests (PEAQ and LSD), bit-detection tests, and three objective tests for robustness (against down sampling, amplitude compression, and mp3-compression). We also comparatively evaluated the proposed method with four other methods (LSB, DSS, ECHO, and PPM). The results revealed that subjects could not detect the embedded data in any of the watermarkedsounds we used, and that the proposed approach could precisely and robustly detect the embedded data from the watermarked sounds. |
| Rights: | Copyright (C) 2010 ICIC International. Masashi Unoki and Daiki Hamada, International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, 6(3(B)), 2010, 1325-1346. |
| URI: | https://hdl.handle.net/10119/9083 |
| Material Type: | publisher |
| Appears in Collections: | b10-1. 雑誌掲載論文 (Journal Articles)
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| 15514-1.pdf | | 656Kb | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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